How long does the meningitis vaccine last

A clinician may choose to use a vaccine off-label if, in their opinion, the benefit of the vaccine exceeds the risk from the vaccine. Are microbiologists recommended to receive MenB vaccine? And if so, how frequently? MenB can be given at the same time as any other vaccine.

MenB vaccine brands work differently and are not interchangeable. All doses, including booster doses, should be of the same brand.

If the brand of the primary series is not known or is not available, restart the primary series with the available brand. We have a year-old patient with a history of vasculitis, nephritis, and asthma. She is on azathioprine Imuran and is immunosuppressed. How often should these vaccines be given? Will she require a series of PCV13 doses or just a booster?

MenB is not specifically recommended for immunosuppressed people. However, after discussing the pros and cons of vaccination also known as shared clinical decision-making , people age 16 through 23 years who are not at increased risk may receive routine MenB vaccination with either a 2-dose series of Bexsero MenB-4C 4 weeks apart, or a 2-dose series of Trumenba MenB-FHbp 6 months apart.

I have a year-old patient traveling to Kenya for one week. Meningococcal disease in these areas is generally not caused by serogroup B.

Previously vaccinated people identified by public health as being at risk during a meningococcal B outbreak should receive a booster dose if it has been at least one year since completion of their primary series, though depending upon the specific circumstances, public health may recommend a booster dose as little as 6 months after completion of the primary series.

I have a 28 year-old patient who received a primary MenB vaccine series of Bexsero in when her spleen was removed. At that time, the ACIP did not have a recommendation for booster doses. Do I need to give her a new primary series? ACIP voted to recommend MenB booster doses for people at ongoing increased risk of meningococcal serogroup B disease in June and the recommendation was published in www.

As long as you use Bexsero MenB-4C as the booster dose, the patient does not need to restart the primary series. Brands of MenB vaccine work differently and are not interchangeable.

The only time ACIP recommends restarting the primary series is if the brand used for the primary series is not known or is unavailable. Public health authorities have declared a meningococcal serogroup B disease outbreak at my university and we are now vaccinating all students on campus.

Some students report having had a primary series of MenB vaccine, but do not have documentation of which brand was used. What should we do? During an outbreak of meningococcal B disease, swift protection of those at risk is prioritized and CDC subject matter experts do not recommend delaying vaccination in order to locate records.

Student health services with documentation of MenB vaccination including brand of incoming students, either in a state immunization registry or in student health records, will be able to respond most efficiently to an outbreak. Students whose primary series of MenB vaccine was completed at least 1 year before the outbreak or as little as 6 months before the outbreak, if recommended by public health should receive a single booster dose of the same brand of MenB vaccine.

If the same brand is unavailable, they should restart the primary series with the available brand. If the brand of the primary series is unknown, administer a dose of the available product and counsel the recipient to request records of the primary series: if the primary series brand is different, then in order to ensure optimal protection, the recipient should be given a booster dose of the primary series product or complete a primary series with the available product after a minimum interval of 4 weeks.

I know the primary series of MenB vaccine should use the same brand for all doses. Does that also apply to booster doses? MenB vaccines work differently and receiving mismatched MenB doses might result in inadequate protection.

For this reason, documentation of the brand of vaccine in immunization is especially important. If a patient at high risk requires a booster dose and the brand of the primary series doses cannot be determined or is unavailable, then CDC recommends restarting the primary series with the available brand. Administering Vaccine Back to top By what route should meningococcal vaccines be administered? In clinical trials and in postlicensure safety surveillance, the most common local adverse events within 7 days of receiving MenB were injection site pain, swelling or redness and the most common systemic symptoms were headache, fatigue and body aches.

In general, these types of self-limited reactions are reported more frequently than with MenACWY vaccination. Contraindications and Precautions Back to top What are the contraindications and precautions for MenB? As with all vaccines, a severe allergic reaction for example, anaphylaxis to a vaccine component or to a prior dose is a contraindication to further doses of that vaccine.

The tip caps of the Bexsero pre-filled syringes contain natural rubber latex which may cause allergic reactions in latex sensitive individuals. Because MenB is an inactivated vaccine it can be administered to persons who are immunosuppressed as a result of disease or medications; however, response to the vaccine might be less than optimal.

Data on MenB vaccination during pregnancy is limited. Pregnancy a precaution to MenB vaccination, but MenB may be administered if, in the judgment of the clinician, the benefits outweigh any potential risks.

Should a pregnant woman receive MenB vaccine? Few data are available on the effect of MenB vaccines on pregnancy. The manufacturers do not consider pregnancy to be a contraindication to use of MenB. GSK has established a Vaccination in Pregnancy registry. Women who receive Bexsero during pregnancy are encouraged to participate in the registry by calling Pfizer also maintains a Vaccination in Pregnancy registry for Trumenba, although specific contact details for this registry are not available.

No data are available from these registries. In general, vaccination against MenB should be deferred during pregnancy; however, MenB may be administered if, in the judgment of the clinician, the benefits outweigh any potential risk. The vaccines must not be frozen. Vaccine that has been frozen or exposed to freezing temperature should not be used. Do not use after the expiration date. Back to top This page was updated on April 15, This page was reviewed on October 14, Immunization Action Coalition.

Sign up for email newsletter. ACIP Recommendations. Package Inserts. Additional Immunization Resources. Adult Vaccination. Screening Checklists. Ask the Experts. Shop IAC. CDC Schedules. Standing Orders for Vaccination.

Clinic Tools. State Laws and Mandates. Handouts for Patients and Staff. Technically Speaking. Honor Rolls for Patient Safety. The CDC recommends the serogroup B menin- gococcal vaccine for children 10 years or older if any of the following special conditions are met 4 : at increased risk because of a serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak, complement component deficiency, damaged spleen or asplenia, or taking Soliris.

This age group is at increased risk of contracting meningitis. The CDC recommends that all children aged 11 to 12 years receive their first dose of meningococcal vaccine followed by a booster shot at age The CDC does not recommend the meningococcal vaccine routinely for adults, but the agency does recommend it for those in special circumstances.

Patients should also get a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine if they 4 are a microbiologist who is regularly exposed to N meningitidis, are at increased risk because of a serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak, are taking Soliris, have a damaged spleen or asplenia, or have complement component deficiency.

The following populations should receive a booster of meningococcal ACWY MenACWY every 5 years: microbiologists who work with meningococcus, people with HIV infection, those who travel repeatedly to regions of Africa hyperendemic to meningococcal disease, and those without a spleen. Patients without a spleen are at increased risk of infections and should receive 2 doses of MenACWY separated by 8 weeks, then a booster dose every 5 years.

They should also complete a series of meningococcal B vaccine, 2 or 3 doses, depending on the brand. Meningitis and meningococcal disease occur around the world, but meningitis is more prevalent in certain countries.

The incidence of meningococcal disease has declined steadily in the U. In , the rate of meningococcal disease in the U. Incidence of disease caused by serogroup B, a serogroup not included in the routinely recommended MenACWY vaccine, also has declined for reasons that are not known. What groups are at increased risk for meningococcal disease? In addition to risk based on age, non-specific risk factors for serogroups A, C, W and Y include having a previous viral infection, living in a crowded household, having an underlying chronic illness, and being exposed to cigarette smoke either directly or second-hand.

Although each of the 3 MenACWY vaccine products uses a different protein conjugate, the products are considered interchangeable; the same vaccine product is recommended, but not required, for all doses. These vaccines are composed of proteins found on the surface of the bacteria. These vaccine products are not interchangeable; the same vaccine product is required for all doses.

This document replaces all previously published reports and policy notes. Who is recommended to be vaccinated against meningococcal ACWY disease? A second booster dose is recommended at 16 years of age. Adolescents who receive their first dose at age 13 through 15 years should receive a booster dose at age 16 years.

Adolescents who receive a first dose after their 16th birthday do not need a booster dose unless they become at increased risk for meningococcal disease.

Colleges may not consider a second dose given even a few days before age 16 years as valid, so keep that in mind when scheduling patients. However, MenACWY may be administered to people age 19 through 21 years as catch-up vaccination for those who have not received a dose after their 16th birthday.

Doses given before age 10 years should not be counted. The child should receive the second booster dose at age 16 years as usual. Should college students be vaccinated against meningococcal ACWY disease? First-year college students living in residence halls should be vaccinated against meningococcal ACWY disease.

Some schools, colleges, and universities have policies requiring vaccination against meningococcal disease as a condition of enrollment. Several healthy adult college students from outside the U. They will be living in a residence hall. One dose of MenACWY vaccine is recommended for all first year college students who are or will be living in a residence hall if they are previously unvaccinated, have not received a dose of MenACWY since turning 16, or if their most recent dose given after turning 16 was not given within the past 5 years.

We run immunization clinics at the local jail, which has a living arrangement comparable to a college residential hall. In this setting, would you recommend vaccinating incarcerated individuals as is recommended for people living in a college dormitory? ACIP does not identify incarceration as an indication for meningococcal vaccination. Providers are always free to use their clinical judgment in situations not addressed by ACIP.

Are there recommendations for meningococcal ACWY vaccination for people who reside in homeless shelters or halfway houses? In addition, can you comment on general vaccination recommendations for people who reside in homeless shelters or halfway houses?

Residence in a homeless shelter or halfway house is considered a high-risk indication only for hepatitis A vaccination because of the increased risk of hepatitis A exposure and serious illness among people experiencing homelessness or living in temporary housing. In all other respects, recommendations for vaccinating adult residents would be the same as those for all adults on the ACIP adult immunization schedule.

Residents with medical conditions identified on Table 2 of the schedule should be vaccinated according to that table. MenACWY may be administered through age 21 years as a catch-up vaccination for those who have not received a dose after their 16th birthday. Our patient is starting college with no documented doses of meningococcal ACWY vaccine and has had titers drawn.

The lab test was positive for A, C, W, and Y. There are no acceptable serologic titers that can be used as evidence of protection against meningococcal A, C, W, and Y disease.

In addition, the immunologic studies used for licensing purposes serum bactericidal assay, SBA are likely different from the serologic titers obtained at a doctor's office IgG antibody, for example.

It is not clear what sort of testing is shown in the results you sent. However, even if SBA results are available, they cannot be used to assess whether there is a level of protection at the individual level.

Can you provide a comprehensive overview of the MenACWY recommendations, including those for vaccinating younger children and older adults who have risk factors? The document is available at www. What is the ACIP recommendation for use of this vaccine? Menveo is approved for people age 2 months through 55 years. For children beginning the vaccination series at age 2 months the schedule is 4 doses at age 2, 4, 6, and 12 to15 months.

Fewer doses are recommended for children beginning the vaccination series at age 7 months or older.

See the IAC document at www. ACIP recommends the use of Menveo in high-risk children 2 through 23 months of age: children with persistent complement deficiency, including those taking a complement inhibitor such as eculizumab Soliris or ravulizumab Ultomiris , functional or anatomic asplenia, HIV infection, who travel to or reside in regions where meningitis is epidemic or hyperendemic, or who are at risk during a community outbreak attributable to a vaccine serogroup.

I have a 3-month-old patient whose family will be doing mission work in sub-Saharan Africa. They are leaving as soon as the child is 6 months old.

I know the usual Menveo schedule for an infant is 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. If we maintain usual spacing, she will only get 1 more dose before she leaves. Can we compress the schedule so she can get 2 more doses prior to travel? However, the minimum interval for a pediatric MenACWY schedule would presumably be 4 weeks like for other pediatric vaccines on a schedule.

You should try to give a third dose before travel begins. Doses of any quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine given before 10 years of age should not be counted as part of the adolescent MenACWY series. Yes, they should receive a booster dose at age First-year college students living in a residence hall who have not received a dose of MenACWY on or after age 16 years, should also be vaccinated. ACIP recommends that adolescents who receive the first dose of MenACWY at age 13 through 15 years receive a one-time booster dose at age 16 through 18 years.

Given how hard it is to get teens into a medical office, is it okay to give the doses close together if the opportunity arises or should we try to space it out as far as possible age 18?

If the first dose is given at age 13 through 15 years, you can give the booster dose as early as age 16 years, with a minimum interval of 8 weeks from the previous dose.

So even if the patient was vaccinated at age 15 years 11 months, you could wait at least 8 weeks and then give the booster at age 16 years 1 month or later. Please provide details of this recommendation.

MenQuadfi was approved in for ages 2 years and older. I administer a lot of travel vaccine doses. In , MenQuadfi Sanofi Pasteur was approved for use in all people ages 2 years and older. If MenQuadfi is not available and vaccination is needed, you may administer Menactra or Menveo.

From age 2 years and up the vaccines are interchangeable. ACIP recommends meningococcal vaccination only for high-risk children younger than 11 years. ACIP defines high-risk children age 2 months and older as 1 those with persistent complement component deficiency an immune system disorder or who take a complement inhibitor including eculizumab [Soliris] or ravulizumab [Ultomiris] , 2 those with functional or anatomic asplenia, 3 those with HIV infection, 4 those traveling to or residing in an area of the world where meningococcal disease is hyperendemic or epidemic or 5 those identified by public health officials as being at risk during a community outbreak attributable to a vaccine serogroup.

For children with functional or anatomic asplenia, Menactra should not be administered until at least 4 weeks after the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV13, Prevnar13, Pfizer vaccination series is completed. Children at increased risk for meningococcal disease should receive booster doses as long as they remain at increased risk see Booster Doses section below. In addition to being at increased risk for meningococcal disease, children with HIV infection or functional or anatomic asplenia are at high risk for invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is more common than meningococcal disease.

Data show that the Menactra may interfere with the immunologic response to PCV13 if these two vaccines are given too close together.

So ACIP recommends that Menactra not be administered to children with these conditions before age 2 years to avoid interference with the response to PCV If Menactra is used in people of any age with these conditions, do not administer it until at least 4 weeks after completion of the PCV13 series.

Can we vaccinate a 2-year-old boy with sickle cell disease against meningococcal disease if he has not completed a series of PCV13? With both asplenic children and asplenic adults, if less than four weeks separate Menactra and PCV13 in either order , the dose of PCV13 should be repeated four weeks after whichever vaccine was administered second. Do any of the bacterial vaccines that are recommended for people with functional or anatomic asplenia need to be given before splenectomy?

The Northern Territory vaccinates between 12 months and 19 years. Why am I being immunised? The 14 to 19 year age group is considered to be the most socially active group of all children. They are normally involved in travelling in large sporting groups, dance parties and prolonged social gatherings. They are more likely to be involved in deep kissing, sharing drinks, and cigarettes. Meningococcal and meningitis can also be caught through people sneezing and coughing on each other. Common in 1 in 10 people Pain, redness or swelling around the injection site.

Loss of appetite Fever Drowsiness or feeling tired Headache Diarrhoea, vomiting, or nausea Bruising at the injection site. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. What do I need to bring? Where can I go for more information?